Saturday, July 21, 2012

Valery Brusov (1873-1924), Leader of Russian Symbolism




Михаил Александрович Врубель
Третьяковская галерея, Москва
1906


His contemporary literary fate was much happier than in posterity. A leader of Russian symbolist movement, Brusov became an imposing figure for his generation. Yet, he suffered a scathing re-appraisal of his literary significance, starting from a mean-spirited and unjust essay by Marina Zvetaeva (which could be recorded during her bouts with insanity), which largely defined his image for later generations. I cannot attribute the universal posthumous hatred inspired by Brusov to anything specific rather than his class origins. Certainly, he was not politically correct: a Nietschean and ostentatiously atheistic in an Orthodox country; he was close during the First World War to the Russian People’s Union, a proto-fascist party, only to join the Communists after the Revolution. He whored, wrote pornography and died from an overdose of morphine.
But other Russian literary figures were hardly averse to different kinds of inebriation. Morphine addiction brought no infamy neither to Michael Bulgakov, nor to Count Alexei K. Tolstoy, XIXth century historic playwright, who also died of the habit. Fellow symbolists Balmont and Blok drank tirelessly, as did Venedict Yerofeev, the greatest Russian novelist of the second half of the XXth century. Brusov’s own amorous misadventures were no match for Blok’s. Pushkin’s and Lermontov’s atheism in the early XIXth century was much more scandalous. Rabid anti-Semite, gluttonous, alcoholic, card-carrying Communist and self-proclaimed Count, Alexei N. Tolstoy was a veritable monster, and a Stalin’s crony. Yet, he was never despised to a degree, to which Brusov was condemned in posterity.
            What distinguished him were his humble class origins. Sons and daughters of the Silver Age, who by birth either belonged to nobility (Akhmatova, Gumilyov), or to academic elite of the highest caliber (Blok, Zvetaeva, Pasernak) probably could not excuse Brusov, the head of the Symbolist movement, his origins of a son of a prosperous lumber or clothing merchant.  Higher circles of St. Petersburg intellectual elite, usually tolerant to commoners as long as they pretended to be country bumpkins, simply could not stand Brusov who challenged their intellectual superiority on their own ground. Their revulsion stuck.
            Yet, the whole poetic development of the XXth century would be impossible without him. Generation after generation, Russian poets (with remarkable exclusion of Esenin, who was himself of the peasant stock) were afraid to recognize Brusov’s influence on their work, so he remains a Darwinian ape of Russian poetry in search of literary re-discovery by more sympathetic commentators.  


Cover
Your
Pale Legs.



From “The Departments of Delirium”

II

Magic Mirror

All was going very-very normal
The houses stood up like hats or clouds,
The tram banged like a horse-cart of old
To scare away the pedestrians,
And the snowy-blizzard rush
Beat, before our very eyes, a speed record.

But mine eyes of the fifty-something
Are too old to follow the Party line.
From the books, museums and stage, the driblets (despite all my votes “Yeah”),
Like a mirror shards from the fairy tale by Andersen
Are in my eyes again, sore. 

Over greenish-yellow lotus columns
Over dynasties of Nineveh,
Finally rises gold and ebony
Of the Grecian Zeus.
And on the edges of Moscow streets—zebu,
Small, caught in binoculars “Zeiss”.

Why then the verse shouldn’t stutter
Between Prick-or-Treaties of Versailles,
If the Mars perihelion (oh, science!)
Comes only once in fifteen years!
Cannot one go to an ancient travel agent
And book a trip to the Aegean?

What would be the poet’s advice?
Bare one’s thoughts to the bone,
Live by the counts of one’s own pulse:
One, twenty and forty.
Even if according to some learned calculus
Party will issue another orders.

Till now—even if you are unplugged and rewired,
Let’s go and collect some sap
On the shores of Global Amazon—
Where the Revolution just wakes up
The Humanity. I blubber—
Gather the golden rubber. 


Волшебное зеркало

Все шло—точь-в-точь обыкновенное;
            были дома нахлобучены;
Трамвай созвонен с телегой,
            прохожим наперекор;
И дождь мокроснежьего бега
            Пред нами ставил рекорд.

Но глаза! Глаза в полстолетие
            партдисциплине не обучены:
От книг из музеев со сцены—
            Осколки (как ни голосуй!)
Словно от зеркала Г. Х. Андерсена,  
            Засели в глазу.

Над жёлто-зелеными лотос-колоннами,
над всякими Ассурбанипалами,—
Вновь хмурился золото-эбур,
            Фидиев Zeus,
И на крае Неглинной—зебу,
            Малы как в цейс.


Как же тут стиху не запутаться,
            между Муданиями и Рапаллами,
Если оппозиции Марса (о наука!)―
            раз в пятнадцать лет,
И в Эгейю у старого Кука
            взять невозможно билет!

Поэту что ж посоветовать?—
            настежь, до нéголо помыслы!
Отсчитывай пульс по минутам:
            сорок, восемьдесят, сто!
Хотя бы по линзам, выгнутым и вогнутым,
            иначе постановило СТО.

Доныне,—пусть проволоки перепутаны,
            мы—охотники по-смóлы!
Где Октябрь загудел впросонки
            Человечества я учу—
Собирать вдоль мировой Амазонки
            Золотой каучук.

19 ноября 1922


Cited according to: Валерий Брюсов. Избранные стихотворения. ОГИЗ, Гослитиздат 1945.
Wherever it is possible by the Blogger.com format, I try to preserve the authors' original orthography and placement of lines on the page.

No comments:

Post a Comment