Sergey Yesenin is, perhaps, the most misunderstood of the Russian classics. School chrestomathies include his early nature poems. He is remembered by his late poems, as a bard of drunken vigils and disorderly conduct. But his main contribution to the Russian poetry are neither his early "peasant" poems, nor his late poems possibly reflecting his alcoholic decline, but his cosmic-religious poems (Октоих, Octoechos (Eight-voices, the form of Byzantine liturgy), Преображение, Transfiguration, Пришествие, Annunciation, etc.) written in the first post-Revolutionary years and most--in 1917. This fact was aptly noticed by Dmitry Bykov, a salon literary wit, unusually sensitive to literary criticism and amazingly ignorant of everything else.
During his lifetime, Yesenin was famous for everything--his peasant origins, his bisexual beauty, drunken orgies and serial marriages to high-strung women (Zinaida Reich, future wife of theater innovator Vsevolod Meyerhold, granddaughter of Leo Tolstoy and Isadora Duncan, the American pioneer of modern dance). He was admired by everyone--fellow poets, World War I profiteers and their whores, post-revolutionary bandits, prostitutes and American Jewish heiresses--which in the end did him in. Yesenin hanged himself in St. Petersburg hotel, his grave becoming somewhat of a shrine where lovelorn women committed ritual suicides. But, by his late life, he was becoming a serious literary theoretician and, who knows, how his talent would evolve were it not for his alcoholism and stifling atmosphere of Stalinist Russia.
Below I provide an excerpt (last four quatrains) from Octoechos. The epigraph is from the Old Slavonic
rendering of the Byzantine Octoechos. The language of the poem is deliberately archaic as to estrange it and make it solemn-sounding, which I cannot fully convey in English.
Octoechos
Epigraph: "By my cries,
Will eat ye out, O Lord."
......
.....
"Ye rise, foresee and listen!
Unfathomed are the fates
Yet all who breathe and quicken--
Shalt meet thy time and date.
Lord's trumpets then'll sound
With fire and brimstone
And yellow-toothed He-cloud
Shall gnaw through Milky's Nav.
Its bowels spill on down
To singe the earthen tracts...
But those who praised the Virgin
Will enter Star of Ark."
Октоих
Гласом моим
Пожру тя, господи.
Ц. О.
1
О родина, счастливый
И неисходный час!
Нет лучше, нет красивей
Твоих коровьих глаз.
Тебе, твоим туманам
И овцам на полях,
Несу, как сноп овсяный,
Я солнце на руках.
Святись преполовеньем
И рождеством святись,
Чтоб жаждущие бдения
Извечьем напились.
Плечьми трясем мы небо,
Руками зыбим мрак
И в тощий колос хлеба
Вдыхаем звездный злак.
О Русь, о степь и ветры,
И ты, мой отчий дом!
На золотой повети
Гнездится вешний гром.
Овсом мы кормим бурю,
Молитвой поим дол,
И пашню голубую
Нам пашет разум-вол.
И не единый камень,
Через пращу и лук,
Не подобьет над нами
Подъятье божьих рук.
2
"О дево
Мария! -
Поют небеса. -
На нивы златые
Пролей волоса.
Омой наши лица
Рукою земли.
С за-гор вереницей
Плывут корабли.
В них души усопших
И память веков.
О, горе, кто ропщет,
Не снявши оков!
Кричащему в мраке
И бьющему лбом
Под тайные знаки
Мы врат не сомкнем.
Но сгибни, кто вышел
И узрел лишь миг!
Мы облачной крышей
Придавим слепых".
3
О боже, боже,
Ты ль
Качаешь землю в снах?
Созвездий светит пыль
На наших волосах.
Шумит небесный кедр
Через туман и ров,
И на долину бед
Спадают шишки слов.
Поют они о днях
Иных земель и вод,
Где на тугих ветвях
Кусал их лунный рот.
И шепчут про кусты
Непроходимых рощ,
Где пляшет, сняв порты,
Златоколенный дождь.
4
Осанна в вышних!
Холмы поют про рай.
И в том раю я вижу
Тебя, мой отчий край.
Под Маврикийским дубом
Сидит мой рыжий дед,
И светит его шуба
Горохом частых звезд.
И та кошачья шапка,
Что в праздник он носил,
Глядит, как месяц, зябко
На снег родных могил.
С холмов кричу я деду:
"О отче, отзовись..."
Но тихо дремлют кедры,
Обвесив сучья вниз.
Не долетает голос
В его далекий брег...
Но чу! Звенит, как колос,
С земли растущий снег:
"Восстань, прозри и вижди!
Неосказуем рок.
Кто все живит и зиждет -
Тот знает час и срок.
Вострубят божьи клики
Огнем и бурей труб,
И облак желтоклыкий
Прокусит млечный пуп.
И вывалится чрево
Испепелить бразды...
Но тот, кто мыслил девой,
Взойдет в корабль звезды".
Yet, Yesenin is typified in public consciousness by a quite different style of poetry. Here's the excerpt, and from a pretty tame poem "The rudest people are lucky..." from his imagist period.
Воздух прожарен и сух,
Мальчик такой счастливый
И ковыряет в носу.
Ковыряй, ковыряй, мой милый
Суй туда пальчик весь,
Только вот с эфтой силой
В душу ко мне не лезь.
Я уж готов... я робкий…
Глянь на бутылок рать!
Я собираю пробки—
Душу свою затыкать.
…There is a street urchin sneezing
The air is bone dry and hot,
The boy’s such a happy lizard
And he is picking his nose.
Pick it harder and deeper,
Put there your finger whole,
Only with such great candor
Do not pick off my soul.
I am such guy… a shy one…
Look at the bottles’ hordes,
To plug my forsaken soul,
I am collecting corks.
Colorful life of Sergey Yesenin could provide enough material for a separate book of anecdotes. During the early Soviet period he rivaled, in public imagination, his contemporary Mayakovsky (see the entry). But the contrast between personalities of the two could not be more striking.
ReplyDeleteMayakovsky, a scion of impoverished gentry, had a bland personality of a mid-ranking Party apparatchik or a secret police operative (one of the future heads of NKVD, Yakov Agranov was his bosom buddy). He did not drink, did not smoke, did not read--his only distraction was playing billiards. He had considerable talents in organization, assembling first futurist exhibitions and poetry readings --we would say happenings--in late Imperial Russia.
Yesenin, a peasant's son, graduated from a teacher's college. He read voraciously but also was taken to drink. Always dressed up to the nines, he appeared in bespoke suits even in the village of his birth. Sometimes he smoke a pipe, most elegantly. With his friends (Ivan Gruzinov, Mariengof, etc.), he founded "imagist" movement in Russia, which was an answer and an imitation of the Anglo-American imagist school. Unlike the Symbolists organized by a steady hand of Brusov and the Cubo-Futurists benefiting from the organizational talents of Mayakovsky, Kryuchenykh and Burlyuk brothers, Russian imagists were rather leaderless and soon dissolved without a trace.
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